mardi 29 septembre 2015

Coffee in a chart

The complexity of caffeine physiology
There is an undispsuted effect of caffeine which is missed in this chart: increased diuresis and sodium loss!

References
1. Fulgoni VL 3rd et al. (2015). "Trends in intake and sources of caffeine in the diets of US adults: 2001–2010." Am J Clin Nutr. 101(5):1081-7.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25832334
2. US National Library of Medicine (NIH). Caffeine.
https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html
3. Lindsay J et al. (2002). "Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging." Am J Epidemiol. 156(5):445-53.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12196314
4. Palacios et al. (2012). "Caffeine and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large cohort of men and women." Mov Disord. 27(10):1276-82.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22927157
5. van Dam RM. (2008). "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer." Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 33(6):1269-83.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088789
6. Amin N et al. (2012). "Genome-wide association analysis of coffee drinking suggests association with CYP1A1/CYP1A2 and NRCAM." Mol Psychiatry. 17(11):1116-29.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876539
7. Sachse C et al. (1999). "Functional significance of a C→A polymorphism in intron 1 of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 gene tested with caffeine." Br J Clin Pharmacol. 47(4):445-9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10233211

Cholesterol debate

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201103/low-cholesterol-and-suicide

mercredi 23 septembre 2015

Dietary PUFA for cancer patients undergoing chemo

https://web.archive.org/web/20050512110212/http://www.thorne.com/pdf/journal/7-1/essential_fatty_acids.pdf

http://www.chiro.org/nutrition/ABSTRACTS/Cancer_and_EFA.shtml#Dietary_Polyunsaturated_Fatty_Acids

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445198

Hydrogenation of seeds oils: some useful links

oleochemical industry
http://www.dicyt.com/news/catalysis-the-key-to-the-success-of-chemical-processes

http://az14597.vo.msecnd.net/public/MontyFuse4/hydrogenation/47f7fd9f-64c4-4945-a624-66ee0ff656b2.htm

http://pilatesnutritionist.com/food-label-claims-that-mean-nothing-part-4-trans-fat-free/

http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v63/n2s/fig_tab/1602976t1.html#figure-title

http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/4058/saturated-vs-unsaturated-fats-structure-in-relation-to-room-temperature-state

http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/09/21/eurheartj.ehv446

Atherosclerosis

http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/cardio_image_bank/atherosclerosis.html

You know Framingham? You will hear soon about Precision Medicine Initiative

http://www.medpagetoday.com/PublicHealthPolicy/Washington-Watch/49820

http://www.medpagetoday.com/PublicHealthPolicy/PublicHealth/53684?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2015-09-23&eun=g432148d0r

mardi 22 septembre 2015

Alcohol sugar and insulin

http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/drinking-alcohol-blood-glucose-level-10340.html

NaCl and autoimmunity

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746493/


What is an EU health claim?

http://www.nutraingredients.com/Ingredients/Omega-3s-Nutritional-oils/What-degree-of-evidence-is-required-to-make-an-EU-health-claim/?utm_source=newsletter_product&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=18-Aug-2015&c=dC5HnbRQjql21K9TeCAWSyv5nTSeb3u1

The fallacy of the so called socioeconomic cause of junk food consumption and obesity

http://www.bendbulletin.com/business/3529572-151/who-eats-fast-food-most-not-exactly-who
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db213.htm

Figure 3 is a bar graph showing the mean percentage of calories from fast food among children and adolescents aged 2-19, by race/ethnicity and age in the United States using NHANES data from 2011-2012.

Did the percentage of calories consumed from fast food differ by race and Hispanic origin?

Non-Hispanic Asian children and adolescents aged 2–19 consumed significantly fewer daily calories (8.0%) from fast food compared with non-Hispanic white (13.1%), non-Hispanic black (13.9%), and Hispanic (11.2%) children and adolescents (Figure 3). Among children aged 2–11, non-Hispanic Asian children consumed an average of 5.0% of their daily calories from fast food compared with non-Hispanic white (9.1%), non-Hispanic black (9.8%), and Hispanic (8.4%) children. Among adolescents aged 12–19, non-Hispanic Asian adolescents consumed a lower daily percentage of calories (11.9%) from fast food than non-Hispanic white (17.8%) and non-Hispanic black (18.8%) adolescents. However, the observed difference in average daily calories consumed from fast food between non-Hispanic Asian and Hispanic adolescents was not significant.

Figure 4 is a bar graph showing the mean percentage of calories from fast food among children and adolescents aged 2-19, by poverty and age in the United States using NHANES data from 2011-2012.

Did the percentage of calories consumed from fast food differ by poverty status?

No significant difference was seen by poverty status in the average daily percentage of calories consumed from fast food among children and adolescents aged 2–19 (Figure 4). There were no differences by poverty status among either younger children (aged 2–11) or adolescents (aged 12–19).

Norwegian farmed salmon resuscitated?

http://www.biznews.com/health/2014/12/16/farmed-norwegian-salmon-worlds-toxic-food-gets-facelift/

http://www.english.vkm.no/dav/7bbe3dbf57.pdf

Fat perspective

(For a business perspective, scroll down below for a Bloomberg view.)

http://www.biznews.com/health/2015/09/21/no-bread-please-just-pass-the-butter-banting-takes-off-globally/

http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-05-20/q-and-a-why-were-better-off-eating-plenty-of-fat

Fat in diet and allergy in the offspring

http://www.nature.com/pr/journal/vaop/naam/abs/pr2015187a.html?utm_content=bufferdb39e&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

mardi 15 septembre 2015

Health optimization: look at the evidence, personalize the pict and hierarchize your goals

Screen Shot 2015 09 11 at 9.27.54 AM
http://uk.businessinsider.com/poor-diet-is-killing-us-2015-9?utm_content=buffer3a9c5&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer?r=US&IR=T



The 25 leading level 3 global risk factors for DALYs in both sexes combined in 2000 and 2013




Large image of Figure 8.
France: males: smoking and females: obesity

Obesity and kidney cancer and also gallbladder cancer

http://www.wcrf.org/sites/default/files/Kidney-Cancer-2015-Report.pdf

Affichage de image.png en cours...
Waist circumference
Images intégrées 1
Waist to hip ratio


You don't need antibiotics in your food

First better and smart use of ATB in diseases.

In nursing homes antibiotics can kill some patients if misused.
http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2015/p0915-nursing-home-antibiotics.html

Secondly choose your burger wisely

http://webiva-downton.s3.amazonaws.com/877/d8/f/6472/FOE_ChainReactionReport.pdf


Third, you only need antibiotic free meat so you only have to choose.

How a title could be misleading: warning, bad science often begins with inappropriate titles

http://www.the-aps.org/mm/hp/Audiences/Public-Press/2015/44.html

Vitamin C: The Exercise Replacement?
Savannah, Ga. (September 4, 2015)—Overweight and obese adults are advised to exercise to improve their health, but more than 50 percent do not do so. New research to be presented at the 14th International Conference on Endothelin: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutics suggests that taking vitamin C supplements daily can have similar cardiovascular benefits as regular exercise in these adults.
The blood vessels of overweight and obese adults have elevated activity of the small vessel-constricting protein endothelin (ET)-1. Because of the high ET-1 activity, these vessels are more prone to constricting, becoming less responsive to blood flow demand and increasing risk of developing vascular disease. Exercise has been shown to reduce ET-1 activity, but incorporating an exercise regimen into a daily routine can be challenging. This study, conducted at the University of Colorado, Boulder, examined whether vitamin C supplements, which have been reported to improve vessel function, can also lower ET-1 activity. The researchers found that daily supplementation of vitamin C (500 mg/day, time-released) reduced ET-1-related vessel constriction as much as walking for exercise did. Vitamin C supplementation represents an effective lifestyle strategy for reducing ET-1-mediated vessel constriction in overweight and obese adults, the researchers wrote.
Caitlin Dow, PhD, postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Colorado, Boulder, will present “Vitamin C Supplementation Reduces ET-1 System Activity in Overweight and Obese Adults” at the poster session on Friday, September 4, from 1 to 2:30 PM in Ballroom BCDEF of the Hyatt Regency Savannah.

It seems that Endothelin is useless in men...
    • Session Title: Biomarkers

Abstract P292: Concentrations of Endothelin-1 Predict Coronary Heart Disease in Women in a Swedish Cohort Study

  1. Ulf Lindblad1
+Author Affiliations
  1. 1Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
  2. 2Lund Univ, Dept of Clinical Sciences, Malmö., Malmö, Sweden

Abstract

Objecitves: Endothelin-1 has been linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) in retrospective studies. Although prospective studies in subjects with previous CHD also have shown a higher risk for a second event related to higher endothlin-1 concentration, prospective studies investigating the risk of a first event are still lacking. We accordingly aimed to investigate the risk of a first event of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with concentrations of endothelin-1 in men and women separately.
Subjects and methods: A random sample of 2.818 Swedish men and women aged 30-74 years was surveyed in 2002-2005 (76% participation). Standard questionnaires were used to gain information on medical history and lifestyle and all participants conducted a physical examination. Endothelin-1 collected at baseline was successfully analysed in 2795 subjects (99%). All first events of CHD were retrieved by record linkage with the Swedish Cause of Death and Hospital Discharge Registers. After controlling for proportionality, Cox Proportional Hazards Regression was employed to investigate the associations between endothelin-1 and incident CHD.
Results: During a mean follow up of 8.1 years (± 0.96) there were 96 incident cases of CHD (men 71 and women 25). Concentrations of endothelin-1 were similar in men and women (2.3 pg/ml vs 2.4 pg/ml p=0.111). In age-adjusted Cox regressions, concentrations of endothelin-1 predicted CHD in women (HR=1.48 CI 1.1-1.8), albeit not in men (HR=1.0 CI 0.9-1.3). These findings remained in multivariable analyses adjusting for diabetes, waist-hip ratio, smoking habits, LDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (HR in women=1.45 CI 1.1-2.0; HR in men=1.1 CI 0.9-1.3). The interaction term between sex and endothelin-1 in the fully adjusted analysis was borderline significant (p=0.055).
Conclusions: Endothelin-1 predicted CHD in women independent of traditional CHD risk factors. If these findings are confirmed in other populations there will be implications for risk evaluation in clinical practice.

The delusion of meta-analysis: fish and depression

"The characteristics of the studies included in this meta-analysis are present in online supplementary file 1. The 26 studies were published between years 2001 and 2014, and involved a total of 150 278 participants. Of these studies, 10 were cohort studies12 ,13 ,16–19 ,26,28 and 16 were cross-sectional studies.11 ,14 ,15 ,27 ,29–32 With regard to the study continent, 10 studies were conducted in Europe,11–15 ,29 ,31 ,32 7 in North America,16 ,17 ,27 ,28 4 in Asia,18,27 ,30 3 in Oceania19 ,26 and 2 in South America.27 Nine studies evaluated the association between fish consumption and depression in men,12 ,15 ,16 ,26 ,28–30 ,32 and 10 studies did so in women.11 ,12 ,15–17 ,19 ,26 ,28 ,30 ,32 One study30 was conducted among adolescents and the rest were conducted among adults. The major adjustment confounding factors included age, gender, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol use and body mass index. Quality assessment showed that the Newcastle-Ottawa score of 14 articles was not less than 7, indicating that the methodological quality was generally good (see online supplementary file 2)"

1/ No RCT.
2/ Very disappointing relative risk reduction


http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2015/08/21/jech-2015-206278.full 

Atheroma: one partial explanation which missed the artery wall

http://www.cjad.com/dr-joe/2015/09/14/saturated-fat-confusion?utm_content=buffer230a4&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

samedi 12 septembre 2015

Gut and aging

http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/abstract/S2211-1247(15)00860-8
Don't forget that it is a fly study!



A pure mistake of NHS advice about trans fats



Artificial trans fats can be formed when oil goes through a process called hydrogenation, which makes the oil more solid (known as hardening). This type of fat, known as hydrogenated fat, can be used for frying or as an ingredient in processed foods.

Artificial trans fats can be found in some processed foods such as biscuits and cakes, where they are sometimes used to help give products a longer shelf life. However, in recent years many food manufacturers have removed trans fats from their products.

Trans fats can also be found naturally in some foods at low levels, such as those from animals, including meat and dairy products.

Are trans fats bad for you?

Consuming a diet high in trans fats can lead to high cholesterol levels in the blood, which can cause health conditions such as heart disease, heart attacks and strokes. However, most people in the UK don't eat a lot of trans fats.

We eat about half the recommended maximum of trans fats on average, which is why the more commonly eaten saturated fat is considered a bigger health risk. For more information, see Is saturated fat bad for me?
Reducing your intake of trans fats

If you want to reduce your intake of trans fats, you should:
avoid products that list partially hydrogenated fat or oil on the label
include lots of fruit and vegetables in your diet
use fat-free or low-fat dairy products
try to eat fewer biscuits, cakes and pastries
use liquid vegetable oil for frying at home
when eating out, try to eat fewer fried foods



Quizz
1/ What is wrong with the different assertions of  NHS about TF?
2/ What is the wrong advice NHS listed in the aim of avoiding TF?

GMO

http://fee.org/anythingpeaceful/all-food-is-genetically-modified-now-were-just-doing-it-better/

vendredi 11 septembre 2015

NEAT

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11310775/

Cocoa as old as 3000 years BC and coffee 1000 AD

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/09/02/1511799112.full.pdf

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/caffeine-drinks-on-menu-more-than-1000-years-ago/

If you have D2 you can and you should do HIT

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-015-3741-2/fulltext.html

D2 patients are usually very badly advised either by their family, some PHYSICIANS OR EVEN THE DIABETIC ASSOCIATIONS.
Many times they are advised to eat sugars with low GI instead of cutting carbs and for exercise they are advised to be prudent and to do the boring LSD endurance training.
This RCT showed the contrary:
do HIT and your heart will better function!
So cut carbs and exercise strenuously...
You will benefit.

BMI

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/summer-of-science-2015/latest/how-often-is-bmi-misleading?WT.mc_id=2015-SEPTEMBER-FB-INYT-MC4-AUD_DEV-0901-0930&WT.mc_ev=click&ad-keywords=IntlAudDev&hash=d233b355-c6ca-4592-b1cb-81959e5d00cc